Abstract: Written by Paul Henri Lang, an Hungarian American music historian, Musicologyand Performanceis a masterpiece on music performance from the perspective of musicology. Concentrating on the issue of“humanity”, the anthology puts forward its own views on thedifficulty in the application of the musicological principle to music performance. Focusing on“humanity”, the paper probes deep into people’s thoughts, feelings, life, and ideals expressedin music works, thus providing an effective way for the performer to understand and interpretmusic works. Therefore, Paul Henry Lang’s concentration on“humanity”in his discussion on music performance is quite enlightening for the academic circles in China which have longbeen plagued by the problem about how to weave musicological principles into performance.

Key words: Paul Henri Lang; return of“humanity”; Musicology and Performance